When the Advisory Group on Tackling Sectarianism began its work three years ago, its chairman Dr Duncan Morrow said Scotland was weary of the lingering impact of sectarianism and was ready for change.

Now, three years on, the advisory group has delivered its recommendations and we have been some idea of what that change could be. What Dr Morrow calls the anxious silence around an old, old problem could be about to be transformed into some serious talking and then, at long last, political, social and institutional change.

The need for the change is unquestioned. Despite various attempts to tackle the problem (some better than others), sectarianism, and in particular its poisonous fusion with football, still lurks at the edges of an otherwise liberal and open society, but, as Dr Morrow writes on the opposite page, is it not necessarily easy to define. It is not "one thing", he says, and is not limited to the realm of theology and religion. It also cannot be dismissed as just a problem for football or one section of society. It is an instinctive, thoughtless hostility that can be found everywhere and anywhere.

The advisory group's recommendations could help end that hostility, but it will depend on what action is taken by government, churches, schools, community groups and, most important of all, the football authorities. The report makes it absolutely clear that the football authorities are not doing enough and among its recommendations, it says the bodies that run the game should do more to find out the extent of the problem and the relationship between sectarianism and football. To some, the idea of more research might look like kicking the can further down the road, but it could help in one important respect. It could help close the gap between the general acceptance that sectarianism exists and a relative lack of evidence about its form and extent. More evidence could mean better action.

Quite rightly, the report says any action that is taken needs to be across society and against all types of sectarianism. It also makes the valid point that sectarianism is not just a problem of one section of society and that "polite" forms, in the office, for example, or the golf club, also exist and to some extent legitimise the angrier, more visible type seen in pubs or stadiums. Employers, community groups and schools can help in this area, but also central to the solution is much more co-operation between churches.

As for the football clubs, the report makes the point that no serious and long term attempt to address and tackle sectarianism in Scotland will succeed without the sustained co-operation and engagement of the football authorities, and it criticises what it calls their reticence in tackling sectarianism. If there is to be change on sectarianism, there must be change right at the top of football.

One option which has been mooted is the idea of strict liability ie. football clubs would be punished if their fans behaved badly and while the report holds back from calling directly for strict liability to be introduced, it does say that sanctions for clubs as well as fans are urgently needed. The big clubs continue to say strict liability would be unworkable and could seriously damage their financial fortunes, but sectarian behaviour will not be reduced or eradicated at games unless there are real consequences for the club themselves. The report increases the pressure on the authorities to accept strict liability or come up with an alternative. The status quo is no longer acceptable.

The good news is that there is considerable evidence of increasing social integration between Protestants and Catholics in Scotland and it is important not to assume, in the search for solutions, that the problem is bigger than it is. But it is now for the Government to say how it will act on some of the report's central recommendations (to ensure for example the sectarianism is better integrated in to the school curriculum) and the football authorities must do the same thing. There is nothing inherently sectarian about national game, but sectarianism will not be solved without the national game doing much more about it.