South African investigators are probing the police killing of 34 striking miners, as the nation sought answers following the deadliest protest since apartheid.

Armoured cars and police trucks patrolled the area around London-listed Lonmin's Marikana platinum mine while a helicopter circled above the spot where officers opened fire on hundreds of workers on Thursday.

The killings have cut to the quick of South Africa's psyche, with searching questions asked of its post-apartheid soul. Newspaper headlines screamed "Bloodbath", "Killing Field" and "Mine Slaughter", with graphic photographs of heavily armed white and black police officers walking casually past the bloodied corpses of black men lying crumpled in the dust.

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