By David O'Leary 

MILLIONS flock from around the globe each year to walk Edinburgh’s cobbled streets and revel at its historic landmarks.

Now thanks to a handy mobile phone application, travellers can wander its closes at the time of Mary Queen of Scots.

Researchers at the University of St Andrews have digitally recreated the lost townscape of 16th-century Edinburgh based on a drawing from 1544.

The app provides a glimpse of the city before it was sacked and burned by an English army led by Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford.

The drawing is the work of Richard Lee, an English military engineer who later designed the massive artillery defences at Berwick-upon-Tweed.

Lee accompanied the Earl of Hertford’s forces to Edinburgh, and his artwork is thought to be the first realistic portrayal of Scotland’s capital.

Virtual Time Binoculars - Edinburgh 1544 from Smart History on Vimeo.

The virtual time travel technology will be released as an app in May with a particular focus on the Old Town, Grassmarket and Royal Mile.

It is the result of a collaboration between St Andrews historians and university spin-out company Smart History.

Dr Bess Rhodes, an expert on 16th-century Scottishhistory, said: “For the first time visitors and residents can compare the city they know with the capital of James V and Mary Queen of Scots.”

Edinburgh became established as the capital from the 1500s onwards. Inhabitants seeking to stay in proximity to the protection of the castle built tall narrow tenements.

By the time of the birth of Mary Queen of Scots, in 1542, the city’s well-known warren of narrow wynds and closes was well established.

When James VI took the throne in England in 1603, Edinburgh lost its status as the principal site of the royal court.

Back in the 16th century, inns such as the White Hart and the Black Bull opened and in 1560 the town council relocated its corn exchange to the site.

The Herald:

Photo credit: University of St Andrews

Lothian farmers regularly sold hay, corn and seed in the city’s Grassmarket until 1911 – trading was first sanctioned by royal charter in 1477.

It was also the scene of many hangings, and the famous Porteous riot. John Porteous, who was Captain of the Town Guard, was taken from prison and strung up by a mob in the Grassmarket.

Dr Rhodes continued: “The 1540s were a tumultuous period in Edinburgh’s history.” In December 1542 King James V of Scotland died, leaving his baby daughter Mary as monarch. Not long after the English King Henry VIII ordered an invasion of Scotland, with the aim of forcing the Scots to accept a proposed betrothal between the infant Mary and his young son (the future Edward VI of England).”

“One of the first major actions in the conflict later known as the ‘Rough Wooing’ was the Earl of Hertford’s attack on Edinburgh in May 1544. Hertford’s forces failed to capture Edinburgh Castle, but set fire to the city.”