Reflexology may be as effective as painkillers, according to a new scientific survey.

Researchers at the University of Portsmouth have found people felt about 40% less pain, and were able to stand pain for about 45% longer, when they used reflexology as a method of pain relief.

Dr Carol Samuel, a trained reflexologist who carried out the experimental procedures as part of her PhD studies, said the results suggested reflexology could be used to complement conventional drug therapy in the treatment of conditions associated with pain such as osteoarthritis, backache and cancers.

Participants were twice asked to submerge their hand in ice water, once with and once without reflexology. When the participants received reflexology, they were able to keep their hand in the ice water for longer before they felt pain, and they could also tolerate the pain for a longer period of time.