IT has been 20 years since the birth of cloned Dolly the Sheep at Roslin Institute, a landmark moment for genetic technology which made the Edinburgh University research centre world famous. Now scientists there are at the forefront of another incredible breakthrough – this time in the world of genetic engineering. The new technology means it may one day be possible to make precise genetic changes to everything from bacteria and plants to humans and animals.
Gene editing has the potential to revolutionise our world. The Roslin scientists are working on using it to create farm animals which are resistant to devastating diseases such as African swine fever. But the technology also has the potential to be used in the future for humans – such as preventing genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy, for which there is currently no cure.
Just as the creation of Dolly the Sheep prompted a huge debate about the ramifications and ethics of cloning, this new technology also needs to be carefully scrutinised. The ability to prevent devastating diseases in humans might seem to present a clear argument for the introduction of gene editing. But what if it could result in engineering of ‘perfect’ children to suit their parents’ preferences? And will we be happy eating meat from genetically manipulated animals?
It is early days yet, and while this work seems to belong more in the realms of science fiction, this is a debate which should be taking place now.
In the meantime, it is to be celebrated that this ground breaking centre of animal biology research, right on our doorstep, is carrying on the tradition of pioneering scientific breakthroughs in Scotland which can change our world.
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