Firefighters were called to the multi-storey flats at Whiteinch in Glasgow just before 9pm last night after neighbours reported smoke.
A man was treated at the scene for smoke inhalation.
Strathclyde Fire and Rescue believe the rocket was fired by a child from the ground 90ft below.
A spokesman said: "This is yet another grim reminder of the danger that fireworks can pose when they are in the wrong hands.
"This rocket was a dangerous, unguided missile. The occupant of the flat was lucky that this piece of bonfire night entertainment did not cause much more harm to him and his home."
Strathclyde fire crews attended a total of 612 incidents yesterday - four times the normal daily average.
One of the incidents involved a fire in the dinner hall of Braeside Primary School in Castlemilk, Glasgow.
Across Scotland, fire brigades said the Bonfire Night festivities had led to a rise in the number of incidents they were called to.
Lothian and Borders Fire and Rescue said they had been called to 429 incidents - nearly three times the normal daily average.
Tayside Fire and Rescue said there were 65 secondary fires related to bonfires and fireworks.
There were 55 fires in Dundee, four in Angus and six in Perth.
Fife Fire and Rescue said they had had between 60 and 70 call outs last night.
A spokesman said there were “normally far fewer” incidents on an average night.
Grampian Fire and Rescue said they had seen a drop in the number of incidents caused by bonfires and deliberate fires compared to November 5 last year.
The brigade launched a five week campaign in partnership with police and Aberdeen City Council to reduce the number of incidents around Bonfire Night.
A spokesman said there had been a reduction in the number of all deliberate fires, from 190 last year to 171.
There were 84 bonfires lit in the area last night - a fall of 14% from 98 in 2008.
Ally Birkett, head of community safety for Grampian Fire and Rescue Service said: “I am extremely pleased with a reduction in the number of bonfires and deliberate fires we have attended.
“It appears that the public have followed our safety advice and I thank them for assisting us to improve the safety within their communities.”
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