BRITAIN’S banks had a collective capital shortfall of £25 billion as of the end of last year the Bank of England has warned, sparking fears that rectifying this could put further pressure on institutions to cut lending.

While the Bank Financial Policy Committee (FPC) did not name any banks, analysts believe its concerns centre on part-nationalised Royal Bank of Scotland and Lloyds Banking Group, owner of Bank of Scotland, and Barclays.

And investors concluded Edinburgh-based RBS has the biggest challenges, sending its shares down 3.1% as the others benefited from a relief rally.

The FPC said further losses on property loans, eurozone exposure, fines for previous misconduct and a more prudent approach to assessing the risk on current loans may hit UK bank capital.

It gave institutions until the end of the year to plug the gap but said measures in train will take them half way there and there is no need for another taxpayer injection.

The news sparked fears banks will have an incentive to further cut back on lending.

Business Secretary Vince Cable told Sky News: “The idea banks should be forced to raise new capital during a period of recession is an erroneous one.

“This FPC exercise will prolong the time it takes for the British economy to recover by further depressing already-weak SME (small and medium-sized enterprise) lending.”

Matthew Fell, director for competitive markets at the Confederation of British Industry, said: “While the FPC wants banks to meet additional capital levels in a way that will not restrict lending, it is difficult to see how this can be achieved in practice.”

And Richard Barfield, director at accountant PricewaterhouseCoopers, said: “Without external capital raising, the principal way for banks to achieve more demanding capital ratios would be to reduce lending or carry out more de-leveraging, which is not conducive to economic growth.”

But Bank Governor Sir Mervyn King said the measures will encourage lending.

“A weak banking system does not expand lending,” Sir Mervyn said. “The better capitalised banks are the ones expanding lending, and it is the weaker capitalised banks that are contracting lending.”

The capital shortfall was half what many had feared.

Barclays’ shares rose 0.7p, or 0.2%, at 287.9p. Lloyds closed up 1.05p, or 2.2%, at 48.7p.

But RBS finished down 8.9p, or 3.1%, at 277.1p.

A RBS spokesman insisted: “RBS has a strong capital position and last month announced plans to strengthen it further. Like all other banks we will continue to work with our regulators to ensure RBS remains at the forefront of international capital standards.”

Marc Kimsey, senior trader at Accendo Markets, said: “RBS has spooked the trading floor with its unprovoked statement following the Bank of England announcement regarding capital shortfalls this morning.”

Andrew Bailey, Deputy Governor of the Bank of England, said plans banks have already should deal with half of the £25bn shortfall.
RBS – 82% owned by the taxpayer  – said it will sell up to a 25% stake in its US bank Citizens and further run down its investment bank.
Lloyds, 41% state-owned, has sought to protect itself by taking large provisions for bad debts and compensation for mis-selling.

Barclays has issued securities into the market and  revealed plans to slim down its operations.