More than 100 secondary schools will be given around £11.5 million for projects to close the attainment gap.
It was confirmed earlier this year that the Scottish Attainment Challenge will be extended to support up to 133 secondary schools across Scotland.
The nine councils included in the attainment challenge - Clackmannanshire, Dundee, Glasgow, Inverclyde, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire, East Ayrshire and Renfrewshire - were invited to submit proposals to support secondary schools in their area.
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An additional 28 secondary schools not in attainment challenge authorities were also invited to submit proposals because they have intakes of primary pupils from deprived areas.
During a visit to Coatbridge High School, whose pupils will benefit from North Lanarkshire's £1.6 million share of the funding, Education Secretary John Swinney said: "Delivering equity and excellence across Scotland's education system is this Government's defining mission.
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"I am firmly committed to substantially closing the gap in the attainment of pupils from our most and least deprived areas during the lifetime of this parliament.
"The funding we are allocating to secondary schools is part of the additional £750 million we will make available to support schools to close the attainment gap over the same period.
"It will enable more than 100 secondary schools to improve literacy, numeracy and health and wellbeing through a range of projects devised by the schools themselves.
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"This builds on our existing work with hundreds of primary schools to ensure no child or young person in Scotland is held back because of their background."
Scottish Liberal Democrat education spokesman Tavish Scott said too many children are being excluded from the attainment fund because they do not live in a council area included in the scheme.
"Lib Dem plans to put a penny on income tax for education would raise £500 million for schools, colleges and nurseries," he said.
"This funding would ensure every child in Scotland who needs extra help gets the support they deserve no matter where they live. Our plans go well beyond the timid steps that the SNP have proposed."
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