Brazilian Joao Braz de Aviz, 65, brought fresh air to the Vatican department for religious congregations when he took over in 2011.
He supports the preference for the poor in Latin America's liberation theology, but not the excesses of its advocates.
American Timothy Dolan, 62, became the voice of US Catholicism after being named archbishop of New York in 2009. His humour and dynamism have impressed, but his back-slapping style may be too American.
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